Chair of Energy Systems AnalysisOpen OpportunitiesPhasing out fossil fuel-based economies is a tremendous challenge in the effort to meet the 2°C climate target. First, low-carbon energy systems, fuels, and technologies must be fully integrated into the global energy system to achieve required greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reductions. Second, unavoidable GHG emissions must be removed from the atmosphere with carbon dioxide removal (CDR) technologies to achieve net-zero CO2 and GHG emissions in the 21st century. A portfolio of CDR technologies has been proposed, both nature- and technology-based CDR options. Direct air capture (DAC) with CO2 storage is a technology-based solution and is among the CDR technologies with the highest future CDR potential, up to 40 GtCO2/year. Alternatively, the CO2 sourced from DAC can produce low-carbon fuels instead of being stored permanently in geographical layers. Low-temperature DAC typically uses a sorbent to capture CO2 from the ambient air, which is challenging due to the highly dilute concentration of CO2 in ambient air requiring considerable energy requirements for CO2 capture. Latter energy requirements and the generation of by-products (such as water) are highly influenced by ambient air conditions, for example, relative humidity and temperature. Water is becoming an increasingly scarce resource, yet it is essential for producing many forms of energy (including low-carbon fuels, which are needed to tackle climate change). This dependency is known as the water-energy nexus and is a growing concern among many researchers. Previous studies have mainly focused on the costs and life cycle GHG emissions of DAC. However, one of the neglected aspects of solid sorbent DAC is the generation of pure water as a by-product. In this context, water produced via the DAC process could potentially be used to produce low-carbon fuels (e.g., methanol, synfuels, etc.) by combining captured atmospheric CO2 (from DAC), water, and other feedstocks. - Engineering and Technology
- Master Thesis
| The Swiss Energy Strategy 2050 aims to achieve zero net emissions target as of 2050. The four leading Swiss research institutes — Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (EMPA), Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), and Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (EAWAG)—are at the forefront of this en-deavour. In the context of the SCENE project, these institutes are collaboratively developing science-based roadmaps that outline the anticipated pathways to attain net-zero emissions before 2040. The tran-sition to net zero requires a multifaceted approach, encompassing technological advancements, con-sumption reductions, and market-based mechanisms for emission compensation and reduction. An es-sential component of this transition is a comprehensive CO2 emission-related cost analysis. This analysis will evaluate the financial implications of shifting energy technologies, reducing consumption, and imple-menting market-based emission compensation and reduction strategies. - Earth Sciences, Economics, Engineering and Technology, Policy and Political Science
- ETH Zurich (ETHZ), Master Thesis
| The deployment of onshore wind energy across Europe is influenced by multiple factors, including technical constraints, economic feasibility, environmental sustainability, and social acceptance. While cost-optimal solutions are commonly pursued, a more nuanced approach that considers trade-offs between various objectives is essential for informed decision-making. Different objectives such as low visual landscape disturbance, high monetary benefits, low annoyance to low residents, good wildlife protection etc., are summarized in a systematic review. To explore the trade-offs among these objectives from different stakeholders’ perspectives, Multi-criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) is necessary for evaluating different possible alternatives. - Engineering and Technology
- Master Thesis
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